二进制部署K8s1.28集群(arm64版)
郭良俊只狗
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361
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0
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Kubernetes

3534 字
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1.6 小时

二进制部署K8s1.28集群(arm64版)

前言

安排需在测试环境部署一套小型类生产的k8s环境，那就按照政务云那边反馈提供的安装文档进行部署呗，反正我看了下后面切生产的k8s坑会很大，还不如我30分钟一把梭哈rke2或者k3s呢。

软件环境

软件 版本
操作系统 Kylin Linux Advanced Server V10 (Halberd) SP3
Docker 28.0.4
Kubernetes 1.28.15

服务器整体规划：

角色 IP 组件
k8s-master1 192.168.120.51 kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd,kubelet，kube-proxy，docker
k8s-master2 192.168.120.52 kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd,kubelet，kube-proxy，docker
k8s-master3 192.168.120.53 kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd,kubelet，kube-proxy，docker
k8s-node1 192.168.120.54 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker , keepalived+ nginx
k8s-node2 192.168.120.55 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker, keepalived+ nginx
k8s-node3 192.168.120.56 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker, keepalived+ nginx
VIP 192.168.120.50

操作系统初始化配置

所有机器执行

安装依赖包

yum install -y conntrack-tools conntrack ntpdate ntp ipvsadm ipset iptables curl sysstat libseccomp vim net-tools rpcbind nfs-utils

集群ip映射

# shell：
ip_addr=$(ip addr show | grep -E 'inet.*brd' | grep -v '127.0.0.1' | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d '/' -f1 | head -n 1)
if [ -z "$ip_addr" ]; then
    echo "无法获取有效的IPv4地址"
else
    echo "检测到IP地址: $ip_addr"
    # 提取IP的最后一段
    ip_last_octet=$(echo "$ip_addr" | awk -F '.' '{print $4}')
    # 构造目标hostname
    target_hostname="host${ip_last_octet}"
    # 设置hostname
    hostnamectl set-hostname "$target_hostname"
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "$target_hostname" > /etc/hostname
    fi
fi


cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.120.51 host51
192.168.120.52 host52
192.168.120.53 host53
192.168.120.54 host54
192.168.120.55 host55
192.168.120.56 host56
EOF

关闭防火墙,关闭selinux,禁用swap分区

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config && getenforce

swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

禁用linux的透明大页、标准大页

echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag'  >> /etc/rc.local
echo 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled'  >> /etc/rc.local

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

文件数设置

ulimit -SHn 65535
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* seft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimitedd
EOF

linux内核参数调优

配置内核路由转发及网桥过滤

#将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式【重要】
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
#开启网桥模式【重要】
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
# 禁止使用 swap 空间，只有当系统 OOM 时才允许使用它
vm.swappiness=0
# 不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.overcommit_memory=1
# 开启 OOM
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
#关闭ipv6【重要】
# net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
# net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

# 下面的内核参数可以解决ipvs模式下长连接空闲超时的问题
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 10
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
EOF


sysctl --system

加载网桥过滤模块

modprobe br_netfilter
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack 
modprobe -- br_netfilter
EOF

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
# 查看网桥过滤模块是否成功加载
lsmod | grep br_netfilter
# 重新刷新配置
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

# 保证在节点重启后能自动加载所需模块
cat >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local << EOF
bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
EOF
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

时间同步

yum install ntpdate -y
#ntpdate time.windows.com
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
# 或者配置crontab执行:
# `crontab -e`
# 0 */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com

echo "0 */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com" >> /var/spool/cron/root

reboot 重启虚拟机，配置生效。

部署Etcd集群

准备cfssl证书生成工具

cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json文件生成证书，相比openssl更方便使用,找任意一台服务器操作，这里用Master01节点。

获取cfssl工具

https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases

mkdir -p /data/k8s-work
cd /data/k8s-work

# 把下载好的cfssl工具上传到服务器
[root@host51 k8s-work]# ls -l
总用量 25164
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11534488  8月 13 10:22 cfssl_1.6.5_linux_arm64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  8126616  8月 13 10:37 cfssl-certinfo_1.6.5_linux_arm64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  6095000  8月 13 10:36 cfssljson_1.6.5_linux_arm64
[root@host51 k8s-work]# 
[root@host51 k8s-work]# chmod +x cfssl*
[root@host51 k8s-work]# 
[root@host51 k8s-work]# ls -l
总用量 25164
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11534488  8月 13 10:22 cfssl_1.6.5_linux_arm64
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  8126616  8月 13 10:37 cfssl-certinfo_1.6.5_linux_arm64
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  6095000  8月 13 10:36 cfssljson_1.6.5_linux_arm64
[root@host51 k8s-work]# 

mv cfssl_1.6.5_linux_arm64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssl-certinfo_1.6.5_linux_arm64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
mv cfssljson_1.6.5_linux_arm64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
cfssl version

生成Etcd证书

自签证书颁发机构（CA）

cd /data/k8s-work/

# 配置ca证书请求文件
cat > ca-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
      "algo": "rsa",
      "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
  }
}
EOF

# 创建ca证书
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca


# 配置ca证书策略
cfssl print-defaults config > ca-config.json
cat > ca-config.json <<"EOF"
{
  "signing": {
      "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
      "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
              "usages": [
                  "signing",
                  "key encipherment",
                  "server auth",
                  "client auth"
              ],
              "expiry": "87600h"
          }
      }
  }
}
EOF

使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书

# 创建证书申请文件：
cat > etcd-csr.json << "EOF"
{
   "CN": "etcd",
   "hosts": [
       "127.0.0.1",
       "192.168.120.51",
       "192.168.120.52",
       "192.168.120.53",
       "192.168.120.151",
       "192.168.120.152"
   ],
   "key": {
     "algo": "rsa",
     "size": 2048
   },
   "names": [
     {
       "C": "CN",
       "L": "BeiJing",
       "ST": "BeiJing"
     }
   ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书： etcd.csr、etcd-key.pem、etcd.pem
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare etcd

注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容预留了2个临时IP

从Github下载二进制文件

下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases

下载版本：3.5.21

部署Etcd集群

以下在节点1上操作，为简化操作，待会将节点1生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3.

创建工作目录并解压二进制包

tar zxvf etcd-v3.5.21-linux-arm64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.5.21-linux-arm64/{etcd,etcdctl} /usr/local/bin

[root@host51 tmp]# etcdctl version
etcdctl version: 3.5.21
API version: 3.5

创建etcd配置文件

# k8s-master1  etcd 配置
mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
cd /data/k8s-work/
cp ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl

cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.conf << "EOF"
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.120.51:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.120.51:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.120.51:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.120.51:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.120.51:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.120.52:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.120.53:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

说明：
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

systemd 管理etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
Environment="ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=arm64"
EnvironmentFile=/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
  --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-client-cert-auth \
  --client-cert-auth
  --logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

因为是arm环境，需要加上Environment="ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=arm64"

将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3，修改etcd.conf文件

ssh root@host52 "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl/ && mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
scp -rp /etc/etcd/* root@host52:/etc/etcd/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service  root@host52:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /usr/local/bin/{etcd,etcdctl} root@host52:/usr/local/bin/


ssh root@host53 "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl/ && mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
scp -rp /etc/etcd/* root@host53:/etc/etcd/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service  root@host53:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /usr/local/bin/{etcd,etcdctl} root@host53:/usr/local/bin/


# 修改etcd.conf文件

# k8s-master2  etcd配置
cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.120.52:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.120.52:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.120.52:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.120.52:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.120.51:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.120.52:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.120.53:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF


# k8s-master3  etcd配置
cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.120.53:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.120.53:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.120.53:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.120.53:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.120.51:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.120.52:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.120.53:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF


# 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd

查看集群状态

[root@host51 k8s-work]# etcdctl member list
1bbc501e55ccdcbc, started, etcd3, https://192.168.120.53:2380, https://192.168.120.53:2379, false
c2bbef323a613a8d, started, etcd1, https://192.168.120.51:2380, https://192.168.120.51:2379, false
d38d45c2041ce6eb, started, etcd2, https://192.168.120.52:2380, https://192.168.120.52:2379, fals
[root@host51 bin]# 
[root@host51 k8s-work]# etcdctl member list -w table
+------------------+---------+-------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
|        ID        | STATUS  | NAME  |         PEER ADDRS          |        CLIENT ADDRS         | IS LEARNER |
+------------------+---------+-------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
| 1bbc501e55ccdcbc | started | etcd3 | https://192.168.120.53:2380 | https://192.168.120.53:2379 |      false |
| c2bbef323a613a8d | started | etcd1 | https://192.168.120.51:2380 | https://192.168.120.51:2379 |      false |
| d38d45c2041ce6eb | started | etcd2 | https://192.168.120.52:2380 | https://192.168.120.52:2379 |      false |
+------------------+---------+-------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+

[root@host51 k8s-work]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.120.51:2379,https://192.168.120.52:2379,https://192.168.120.53:2379" endpoint health
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|          ENDPOINT           | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://192.168.120.51:2379 |   true |  9.879548ms |       |
| https://192.168.120.52:2379 |   true |  9.925658ms |       |
| https://192.168.120.53:2379 |   true | 10.123852ms |       |
+-----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
[root@host51 k8s-work]# 

# endpoint status 
# endpoint health

安装Docker和cri-dockerd

部署docker

所有机器，自行部署，省略

image-20250813142843339

部署cri-dockerd

所有机器，自行安装

下载二进制包：https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases

wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.19/cri-dockerd-0.3.19.arm64.tgz
tar zxvf cri-dockerd-0.3.19.arm64.tgz
mv cri-dockerd/cri-dockerd /usr/bin/
ls -l /usr/bin/cri-dockerd

# 创建配置文件
cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.mirantis.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service docker.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start cri-docker
systemctl enable cri-docker

部署负载均衡

kube-apiserver是无状态的，通过nginx进行代理访问，从而保证服务可用性

nginx做反向代理，后端连接所有的kube-apiserver实例，并提供健康检查和负载均衡功能；keepalived提供kube-apiserver对外服务的VIP；

nginx监听的端口16443需要与kube-apiserver的端口6443不同，避免冲突。

nginx安装和配置，主从服务都需要安装

直接使用了rpm包部署，麒麟V10 直接下载NGINX的Centos8的rpm包就行

dnf -y install nginx-1.28.0-1.el8.ngx.aarch64.rpm

nginx配置

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 新增如下信息：

stream {
    # 添加socket转发的代理
    upstream socket_proxy {
        hash $remote_addr consistent;
        # 转发的目的地址和端口
        server 192.168.120.51:6443 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        server 192.168.120.52:6443 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        server 192.168.120.53:6443 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    }
    # 提供转发的服务，即访问localhost:6443，会跳转至代理socket_proxy指定的转发地址
    server {
       listen 6443;
       proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
       proxy_timeout 3s;
       proxy_pass socket_proxy;
    }
}

启动、开机自启服务

# rm -f /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
systemctl start nginx && systemctl enable nginx

keepalived安装和配置

安装keepalived

yum install -y keepalived

修改配置文件

cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

# kd01
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << "EOF"
global_defs {
    router_id kd01
}

vrrp_script check_run {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_web.sh"
    interval 5
    weight 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface enp0s11
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 2
    nopreempt

    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 2222
    }

    unicast_src_ip 192.168.120.54
    unicast_peer {
        192.168.120.55
        192.168.120.56
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.120.50
    }

    track_script {
        check_run
    }
}
EOF

# kd02
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << "EOF"
global_defs {
    router_id kd02
}

vrrp_script check_run {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_web.sh"
    interval 5
    weight 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface enp0s11
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 2
    nopreempt

    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 2222
    }

    unicast_src_ip 192.168.120.55
    unicast_peer {
        192.168.120.54
        192.168.120.56
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.120.50
    }

    track_script {
        check_run
    }
}
EOF

# kd03
cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << "EOF"
global_defs {
    router_id kd03
}

vrrp_script check_run {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_web.sh"
    interval 5
    weight 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface enp0s11
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 80
    advert_int 2
    nopreempt

    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 2222
    }

    unicast_src_ip 192.168.120.56
    unicast_peer {
        192.168.120.54
        192.168.120.55
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.120.50
    }

    track_script {
        check_run
    }
}
EOF

编写nginx监控脚本

如果nginx服务停止，keepalived服务也停止，并切换到备主机

脚本如下：/etc/keepalived/check_web.sh

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_web.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
num=$(ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l)
if [ $num -eq 0 ]; then
    systemctl restart nginx
    sleep 10
    num=$(ps -C nginx --no-header | wc -l)
    if [ $num -eq 0 ]; then
        systemctl stop keepalived
    fi
fi
EOF

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_web.sh

启动、开机自启keepalived服务

systemctl start keepalived
systemctl enable keepalived
systemctl status keepalived

kubernetes 集群部署

从Github下载二进制文件

下载地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#downloads-for-v1281

image-20250813150644471

wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.28.15/kubernetes-server-linux-arm64.tar.gz

https://dl.k8s.io/v1.28.15/kubernetes-server-linux-arm64.tar.gz

解压二进制包

tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-arm64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes

# Kubernetes软件分发
scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl host52:/usr/local/bin/
scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl host53:/usr/local/bin/

部署kube-apiserver

创建apiserver证书请求文件：

cd /data/k8s-work/

cat > kube-apiserver-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.120.50",
    "192.168.120.51",
    "192.168.120.52",
    "192.168.120.53",
    "192.168.120.151",
    "192.168.120.152",
    "10.96.0.1",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成apiserver证书及token文件
# 生成kube-apiserver.csr、kube-apiserver-key.pem、kube-apiserver.pem

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver

#生成token.csv
cat > token.csv << EOF
$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF

注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。

创建配置文件

cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS=" \
  --bind-address=192.168.120.51 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.120.51 \
  --secure-port=6443 \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.120.51:2379,https://192.168.120.52:2379,https://192.168.120.53:2379 \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --enable-aggregator-routing=true \
  --requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \
  --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \
  --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
  --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  \
  --v=4"
EOF

证书拷贝：

cd /data/k8s-work/
cp ca*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/

创建apiserver服务管理配置文件

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

同步文件到集群master节点

scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca*.pem host52:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca*.pem host53:/etc/kubernetes/ssl

scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver*.pem host52:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver*.pem host53:/etc/kubernetes/ssl

scp /etc/kubernetes/token.csv host52:/etc/kubernetes
scp /etc/kubernetes/token.csv host53:/etc/kubernetes

#需要修改为对应主机的ip地址
scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf host52:/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf host53:/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf

scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service host52:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service host53:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service

启动服务

# 启动：
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

# 验证：
curl --insecure https://192.168.120.51:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.120.52:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.120.53:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.120.50:6443/
{
  "kind": "Status",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {},
  "status": "Failure",
  "message": "Unauthorized",
  "reason": "Unauthorized",
  "code": 401
}

部署kube-controller-manager

创建kube-controller-manager证书请求文件

cd /data/k8s-work
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << "EOF"
{
    "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.120.51",
      "192.168.120.52",
      "192.168.120.53"
    ],
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Beijing",
        "L": "Beijing",
        "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
EOF

创建kube-controller-manager证书文件

kube-controller-manager.csr
kube-controller-manager-csr.json
kube-controller-manager-key.pem
kube-controller-manager.pem

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

创建kube-controller-manager的kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem --embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.120.50:6443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager \
--cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

创建kube-controller-manager配置文件

cat > kube-controller-manager.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS=" \
  --secure-port=10257 \
  --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --cluster-name=kubernetes \
  --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
  --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
  --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --leader-elect=true \
  --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
  --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --use-service-account-credentials=true \
  --cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s \
  --v=2"
EOF

创建服务启动文件

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

同步文件到集群master节点

cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/


scp  kube-controller-manager*.pem host52:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-controller-manager*.pem host53:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/


scp  kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf host52:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf host53:/etc/kubernetes/

scp  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service  host52:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service  host53:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager

部署kube-scheduler

创建kube-scheduler证书请求文件

cd /data/k8s-work

cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << "EOF"
{
    "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
    "hosts": [],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Beijing",
        "L": "Beijing",
        "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
EOF

生成kube-scheduler证书

kube-scheduler.csr
kube-scheduler-csr.json
kube-scheduler-key.pem
kube-scheduler.pem

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.120.50:6443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
--client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
--client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

创建服务配置文件

cat > kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--leader-elect=true \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
--v=2"
EOF

创建服务启动配置文件

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

同步文件至集群master节点

cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/


scp  kube-scheduler*.pem host52:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-scheduler*.pem host53:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/

scp  kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf host52:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf host53:/etc/kubernetes/

scp  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service host52:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service host53:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler

部署kubectl

创建kubectl证书请求文件

cd /data/k8s-work

cat > admin-csr.json << "EOF"
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:masters",             
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书文件
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

# 复制文件到指定目录
cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/

生成kube.config配置文件

kube.config 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书

cd /etc/kubernetes/ssl/

 # vip
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=https://192.168.120.50:6443 \
  --kubeconfig=kube.config

kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
  --client-certificate=./admin.pem \
  --client-key=./admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube.config

kubectl config set-context kubernetes \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=cluster-admin \
  --kubeconfig=kube.config

kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config

准备kubectl配置文件并进行角色绑定

mkdir ~/.kube
cp kube.config ~/.kube/config

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis \
--clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/config

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

kubectl create clusterrolebinding node-client-auto-approve-csr --clusterrole=system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

查看集群状态

查看集群信息
kubectl cluster-info

查看集群组件状态
kubectl get componentstatuses

查看命名空间中资源对象
kubectl get all --all-namespaces

同步kubectl配置文件到集群其它master节点

#k8s-master2节点上，创建文件夹
mkdir /root/.kube

#k8s-master3节点上，创建文件夹
mkdir /root/.kube

#把配置文件同步过去
scp /root/.kube/config host52:/root/.kube/config
scp /root/.kube/config host53:/root/.kube/config

工作节点（worker node）部署

部署kubelet

在一台master上进行操作

创建配置文件

cd /data/k8s-work

cat > kubelet.conf << "EOF"
KUBELET_OPTS=" \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.yml \
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9 \
--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock \
--v=2"
EOF
创建kubelet配置文件

在node节点操作：mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl 

cat > kubelet.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: systemd
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem

authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
clusterDNS:
- 10.96.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%

maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110

serializeImagePulls: false
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
failSwapOn: true
EOF

创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

cd /data/k8s-work
# 与token.csv里保持一致
#BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=7c569c3a779eaf221d3bf3c2611daac1

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.120.50:6443 \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous \
--clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=kubelet-bootstrap

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig

创建kubelet服务启动管理文件

cat > kubelet.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]

EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

同步文件到集群节点

k8s-master1上生成的文件同步到node节点

scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.conf kubelet.yml root@host52:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.conf kubelet.yml root@host53:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.conf kubelet.yml root@host54:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.conf kubelet.yml root@host55:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.conf kubelet.yml root@host56:/etc/kubernetes/

scp kubelet.service root@host52:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
scp kubelet.service root@host53:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
scp kubelet.service root@host54:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
scp kubelet.service root@host55:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
scp kubelet.service root@host56:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service

scp ca.pem  root@host54:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp ca.pem  root@host55:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp ca.pem  root@host56:/etc/kubernetes/ssl

# 把二进制文件分发到node节点
cd /tmp/kubernetes/server/bin/
scp kubelet kube-scheduler kube-proxy root@host52:/usr/local/bin/
scp kubelet kube-scheduler kube-proxy root@host53:/usr/local/bin/
scp kubelet kube-scheduler kube-proxy root@host54:/usr/local/bin/
scp kubelet kube-scheduler kube-proxy root@host55:/usr/local/bin/
scp kubelet kube-scheduler kube-proxy root@host56:/usr/local/bin/

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet
systemctl status kubelet

# master 查看

[root@host51 k8s-work]# kubectl get nodes
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
host51   NotReady   <none>   2m59s   v1.28.15
host52   NotReady   <none>   9s      v1.28.15
host53   NotReady   <none>   5s      v1.28.15
host54   NotReady   <none>   13m     v1.28.15
host55   NotReady   <none>   12m     v1.28.15
host56   NotReady   <none>   12m     v1.28.15

启动kubelet后，在/etc/kubernetes目录下会自动生成证书配置文件 kubelet.kubeconfig。

在ssl中会看到自动签发的证书kubelet-client-2025-08-14-08-47-30.pem、kubelet.crt、kubelet.key
后续如果节点异常，重新签发证书，需要把ssl里面的证书先删除，否则会看到节点加入集群失败

[root@host54 kubernetes]# tree
.
├── kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
├── kubelet.json
├── kubelet.kubeconfig
└── ssl
├── ca.pem
├── kubelet-client-2025-08-14-08-47-30.pem
├── kubelet-client-current.pem -> /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet-client-2025-08-14-08-47-30.pem
├── kubelet.crt
└── kubelet.key

1 directory, 8 files
[root@host54 kubernetes]#

部署kube-proxy

在master先操作

创建服务配置文件

cd /data/k8s-work

cat > kube-proxy.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress:  0.0.0.0
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
healthzBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10256
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
mode: "ipvs"
EOF

创建服务启动管理文件

cat > kube-proxy.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS=" \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
--v=2"
EOF


cat > kube-proxy.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

创建kube-proxy证书请求文件

cd /data/k8s-work

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << "EOF"
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书 kube-proxy.pem kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.csr
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

创建kubeconfig文件

生成：kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://192.168.120.50:6443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

同步文件到集群工作节点主机

在master上进行操作 

cp kube-proxy.yaml kube-proxy.conf  kube-proxy.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-proxy*pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
cp kube-proxy.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service

scp kube-proxy.yaml kube-proxy.conf  kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@host52:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-proxy.yaml kube-proxy.conf  kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@host53:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-proxy.yaml kube-proxy.conf  kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@host54:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-proxy.yaml kube-proxy.conf  kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@host55:/etc/kubernetes/
scp kube-proxy.yaml kube-proxy.conf  kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@host56:/etc/kubernetes/

scp kube-proxy*pem root@host52:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp kube-proxy*pem root@host53:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp kube-proxy*pem root@host54:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp kube-proxy*pem root@host55:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp kube-proxy*pem root@host56:/etc/kubernetes/ssl

scp kube-proxy.service root@host52:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
scp kube-proxy.service root@host53:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
scp kube-proxy.service root@host54:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
scp kube-proxy.service root@host55:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
scp kube-proxy.service root@host56:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service

服务启动

在node节点上创建 

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy

网络组件部署 Calico（部署CNI网络）

image-20250814090917141

下载文件

在calico的官网进行下载对应的yaml文件，在我们master节点上创建

# kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.28.5/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
# kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.28.5/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

#先使用wget下载后，检查文件正常后在进行部署
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.28.5/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.28.5/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

修改文件

#custom-resources.yaml文件默认的pod网络为192.168.0.0/16，我们定义的pod网络为10.244.0.0/16,需要修改后再执行
cidr: 192.168.0.0/16  修改成  cidr: 10.244.0.0/16

image-20250814091308318

部署插件

kubectl create -f tigera-operator.yaml
#  tigera-operator中pod都running后，执行 kubectl create -f custom-resources.yaml 
kubectl create -f custom-resources.yaml

kubectl get pods -n calico-system

# 部署好网络插件，Node准备就绪。
[root@host51 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
host51   Ready      <none>   30m   v1.28.15
host52   Ready      <none>   27m   v1.28.15
host53   NotReady   <none>   27m   v1.28.15
host54   NotReady   <none>   40m   v1.28.15
host55   Ready      <none>   40m   v1.28.15
host56   Ready      <none>   40m   v1.28.15
[root@host51 ~]#

授权apiserver访问kubelet

cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF


# 部署yaml
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

部署CoreDNS

CoreDNS用于集群内部Service名称解析。

cat >  coredns.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - ""
    resources:
    - endpoints
    - services
    - pods
    - namespaces
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
  - apiGroups:
    - discovery.k8s.io
    resources:
    - endpointslices
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
          lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local  in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
          max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. Default is 1.
  # 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      affinity:
         podAntiAffinity:
           preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
           - weight: 100
             podAffinityTerm:
               labelSelector:
                 matchExpressions:
                   - key: k8s-app
                     operator: In
                     values: ["kube-dns"]
               topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.10.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP

EOF

# 部署
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml


#验证dns域名解析是否正常
kubectl get pods -n kube-system  

[root@k8s-node1 kubernetes]#  dig -t a www.baidu.com @10.96.0.2

部署应用验证-测试是否能访问

kubectl create ns test-nginx

kubectl create deploy  my-nginx --image=nginx:1.28.0 -n test-nginx --dry-run -o yaml >> my-nginx.yaml

kubectl apply -f my-nginx.yaml

kubectl expose deployment my-nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort -n test-nginx --dry-run -o yaml >> nginx-svc.yaml

kubectl apply -f nginx-svc.yaml

[root@host51 ~]# kubectl get svc -n test-nginx
NAME       TYPE       CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
my-nginx   NodePort   10.96.7.73   <none>        80:30872/TCP   19s
[root@host51 ~]# 
[root@host51 ~]# curl -ivk http://192.168.120.50:30872/
*   Trying 192.168.120.50:30872...
* Connected to 192.168.120.50 (192.168.120.50) port 30872 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: 192.168.120.50:30872
> User-Agent: curl/7.71.1
> Accept: */*
> 
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: nginx/1.28.0
Server: nginx/1.28.0

总结

无k8s基础，建议不要二进制部署，直接kubeadm进行，或者rke2/k3s部署，非常容易出错。

k8sKubernetes二进制
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